The Chain / Node 01 of 8 / Generation + infrastructure
Node 01 · The Origin

Generation, the source.

Wind and solar converted to renewable power and hydrogen, with the desalination that feeds electrolysis. Sized backward from product demand on measured capacity factors, not nameplate.

Node status
Modelled
Full parametric model behind it (Sim 1). Figures below are screening-stage.
Input
ResourceMeasured wind and solar capacity factor, seawater, land at the origin site
Output
Power + water + H₂3,090 MW renewable, 1,156 kT/yr desalinated water, 126 kT/yr gross hydrogen
What it is

The first link, where electrons begin.

This node turns a measured renewable resource into the two things the rest of the chain consumes: electricity and hydrogen. Wind and solar are sized backward from the downstream product target through stoichiometry, so the generation fleet is built to feed the electrolyser, not to a round nameplate number. The node also carries the water infrastructure, seawater intake and desalination, because hydrogen production cannot happen without ultra-pure water, and water is the constraint most projects understate.

The discipline here is measured data. The 47 percent wind capacity factor is from the measured Alizé trade-wind regime at the site, and the 28 percent solar figure uses fixed-tilt PVOUT methodology rather than the tracker or irradiance numbers that systematically overstate output. A generation developer taking this node alone is taking the resource assessment and the sizing logic, the part that determines whether everything downstream is real.

Inputs & assumptions

What drives the node.

ParameterValueBasis
Wind capacity factor47 %Measured, Alizé trade-wind regime M
Solar capacity factor28 %Global Solar Atlas PVOUT, fixed-tilt M
Wind installed1,623 MWSized backward from H₂ demand D
Solar installed1,467 MWSized backward from H₂ demand D
Electrolyser (PEM)1,030 MWStoichiometric to 126 kT/yr H₂ D
Battery buffer2,060 MWh2-hour buffer on electrolyser load D
Process water1,325 kT/yr10.5 kg/kg H₂, PEM practical P
Desalination duty179 m³/hNet of methanol-synthesis recycle P
MMeasured
PProject-grade
EEstimate
DDesign
Outputs & economics

What the node produces.

3,090 MW
Renewable capacity
126 kT
Gross hydrogen/yr
1,156 kT
Net water/yr
$4.9B
Node CAPEX
CAPEX lineBasisAmount
Wind (1,623 MW)$1.35M/MW$2,191M
Solar (1,467 MW)$0.90M/MW$1,320M
Electrolysis (1,030 MW)$1.00M/kW$1,030M
Battery buffer (2,060 MWh)$0.15M/MWh$309M
Desalination (SWRO)bottom-up$47M
Generation node CAPEX$4,897M
Node finding

Water is the hidden line.

Generation is usually discussed as megawatts. But the electrolyser that those megawatts feed cannot run without water, and at this scale the water duty is substantial: 1,325 kT/yr of process water, met by a desalination plant running at 179 m³/h after the methanol-synthesis recycle stream is credited back. Most screening models bury this inside a single CAPEX line.

What this means

The site's seawater cooling at 17-22°C is a direct CAPEX advantage on the electrolyser against Red Sea alternatives at 32-35°C, and the desalination is sized and costed explicitly rather than assumed. Surfacing water as its own line is what separates a bankable generation case from an optimistic one. A generation developer who ignores the water constraint is pricing a plant that cannot operate.

Provenance & sources

Where the numbers come from.

Wind CF (47%): measured data from the Alizé trade-wind regime at the site. Measured station data overrides reanalysis where the two conflict.

Solar CF (28%): Global Solar Atlas PVOUT, fixed-tilt methodology. Tracker and GHI figures were rejected as they systematically overstate output by 7-10 percentage points.

Water (10.5 kg/kg H₂): PEM practical water rate including purge, not the 9 kg stoichiometric minimum. Net demand credits the 60% recycle from methanol synthesis.

All figures trace to the Technical Balance model (Sim 1) and the Dakhla CAPEX build (Sim 3). Screening-stage, modelled, not quotes.

Independence

How this node stands alone.

The node's interface is a measured resource in, power and hydrogen out. It connects to whatever consumes those, and it does not depend on what the molecule eventually becomes.

Connects upstream to
A measured site resource
Takes wind and solar capacity factors from a specific location. Any site with measured resource data and seawater access can drive this node, the sizing logic is portable.
Connects downstream to
Any conversion node
Delivers power, water and hydrogen to synthesis. A generation-only developer can sell renewable power or hydrogen to a third-party offtaker without building the conversion stage at all.
Go deeper

The full model.

Simulator available
Technical Balance · Sim 1
Adjust capacity factors, electrolyser efficiency and product mix, and watch the generation sizing, water duty and hydrogen output recompute through the full mass and energy balance.
Open the simulator